A convertible note is a short-term debt instrument that converts into equity during a future funding round, typically used in early-stage startup financing.
A convertible note is a popular financing instrument used by early-stage startups to raise capital without immediately determining a company valuation. It functions as a loan that automatically converts into equity shares during a future funding round, typically a Series A or similar qualified financing event.
Key features include a discount rate (usually 10-30%) that gives early investors a price advantage when converting to equity, and often a valuation cap that limits the maximum valuation at which the note converts. Some notes also include interest rates and maturity dates.
Convertible notes offer several advantages: they're faster and cheaper to execute than equity rounds, they defer complex valuation discussions until the company has more traction, and they're familiar to most investors. However, they can create complications if conversion triggers aren't met or if multiple notes accumulate.
The terms of convertible notes significantly impact both founder dilution and investor returns, making proper legal structuring crucial. Common provisions include automatic conversion triggers, optional conversion rights, and what happens at maturity if no qualifying round occurs.
Pierre Van Hoorebeke from Peak Legal emphasizes that while convertible notes seem straightforward, the devil is in the details of the conversion mechanics and protective provisions.
For personalized guidance, consult a Startup Law specialist on TinRate.
The following Startup Law experts on TinRate Wiki can help with this topic:
| Expert | Role | Company | Country | Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lauren De Brauwer | Startup Lawyer | Mace | Belgium | EUR 150/hr |
| Maxim Van Eeckhout | Lawyer | Mace | Belgium | EUR 150/hr |
| Michiel Sudnik | associate lawyer | deloitte legal | Belgium | EUR 100/hr |
| Pierre Van Hoorebeke | Partner - Corporate, M&A - Startups & Scaleups | Peak Legal | Belgium | EUR 245/hr |